Anisocoria

Anisocoria is a condition where the pupils of the eyes are unequal in size. Normally, the pupils dilate or constrict together in response to light, but in individuals with anisocoria, one pupil may appear larger or smaller than the other. While slight differences in pupil size are normal for some people (physiological anisocoria), pronounced or sudden changes in pupil size can indicate an underlying medical issue.

• Causes: Causes of anisocoria include eye injuries, nerve damage, or conditions affecting the brain, such as stroke, brain tumors, or aneurysms. Anisocoria can also be a side effect of certain medications, like eye drops or drugs used to treatglaucoma. In some cases, it may be associated with specific conditions, such as Horner’s syndrome, which affects the nerves controlling the eye muscles, or Adie’s pupil, a rare neurological disorder affecting the eye’s reaction to light.
• Symptoms: In addition to unequal pupil size, individuals may experience other symptoms like eye pain, double vision, headaches, or sensitivity to light. If anisocoria is caused by a serious condition, neurological symptoms such as dizziness, difficulty speaking, or weakness on one side of the body may also occur.
• Treatment: Treatment for anisocoria depends on its cause. Physiological anisocoria does not typically require treatment, but for cases resulting from injury or neurological conditions, addressing the underlying cause is crucial. This may involve medications, surgery, or other interventions based on the diagnosis. Urgent medical attention is required if anisocoria occurs suddenly or is accompanied by other concerning symptoms.