Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (BRVO)

Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (BRVO) is a condition where one of the smaller veins branching from the main retinal vein becomes blocked, leading to reduced blood flow to the retina. This blockage causes fluid to leak into the retina, leading to swelling and vision loss.

• Causes: BRVO is primarily caused by atherosclerosis (the hardening and narrowing of arteries), high blood pressure, or blood clots. Other risk factors include diabetes, glaucoma, high cholesterol, and cardiovascular disease. People over the age of 50 are more susceptible to this condition.
• Symptoms: BRVO often causes a sudden, painless loss of vision or blurred vision in part of one eye. Patients may also experience distorted vision and the appearance of dark spots or floaters in their visual field. The severity of vision loss depends on the extent of the blockage and damage to the retina.
• Treatment: There is no cure for BRVO, but treatment focuses on preventing further vision loss. Managing underlying conditions such as hypertension or diabetes is crucial. In some cases, anti-VEGF injections or corticosteroids are used to reduce retinal swelling. Laser treatment may also be employed to seal leaking blood vessels or prevent further damage. In severe cases, vitrectomy surgery may be recommended to remove any excess fluid or blood.