Bulging eyes, medically referred to as proptosis or exophthalmos, describe the abnormal protrusion of one or both eyes from their sockets. This condition can be indicative of a serious underlying health issue and requires medical evaluation.
Causes: The most common cause of bulging eyes is Graves’ disease, an
autoimmune disorder that results in hyperthyroidism. Other causes include orbital
tumors, inflammation due to injury, infections, and vascular abnormalities such as
carotid-cavernous fistulas. In rare cases, genetic conditions can also cause
bulging eyes.
Symptoms: In addition to the visible protrusion, individuals may experience
symptoms like eye pain, redness, dryness, or irritation. The inability to fully close
the eyelids is another common issue, which can lead to corneal exposure and
damage. Double vision and restricted eye movement may also occur, depending
on the underlying cause.
Treatment: Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause. For those
with Graves’ disease, treatment may include medication to manage thyroid
levels, orbital decompression surgery, or radiation therapy to reduce swelling. In
cases of infection or tumors, antibiotics or surgery may be required. Lubricating
eye drops or ointments are often prescribed to prevent corneal damage in
patients who struggle to close their eyes fully.
