Cornea

The cornea is the clear, dome-shaped outermost layer of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber. It plays a critical role in focusing light onto the retina, allowing us to see clearly. The cornea is composed of five layers, each with a specific function that contributes to its strength, transparency, and refractive power.

• Function: The cornea’s main function is to refract, or bend, light as it enters the eye, helping to focus it onto the retina. The cornea also serves as a protective barrier, shielding the eye from dust, germs, and other harmful particles. Its transparency is crucial for clear vision, and any damage or disease affecting the cornea can lead to vision impairment or blindness.
• Disorders: Various conditions can affect the cornea, including infections (keratitis), injuries, and degenerative diseases like keratoconus, where the cornea thins and bulges outward. Other common conditions include corneal dystrophies and abrasions.
• Treatment: Treatment for corneal conditions depends on the underlying cause. Minor injuries, such as abrasions, may heal on their own or with the help of antibiotic eye drops to prevent infection. More severe conditions, like corneal ulcers or dystrophies, may require specialized treatments, including corneal transplants or laser surgery.