Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve, often due to increased pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure). The optic nerve is responsible for transmitting visual information from the eye to the brain, and damage to this nerve can lead to vision loss or blindness if untreated. Glaucoma is known as the "silent thief of sight" because it typically has no symptoms in its early stages. There are several types of glaucoma, including open-angle glaucoma (the most common form), angle-closure glaucoma, and normal-tension glaucoma. Early detection through regular eye exams is crucial, as vision loss from glaucoma is irreversible.

• Causes: Glaucoma is usually caused by increased intraocular pressure due to improper drainage of fluid within the eye. This buildup of pressure damages the optic nerve. Other risk factors include age, family history, race (more common in African Americans and Hispanics), and conditions like diabetes or hypertension.
• Symptoms: In the early stages, glaucoma often has no symptoms. As the condition progresses, people may experience peripheral vision loss, halos around lights, eye pain, headaches, and in severe cases, total blindness.
• Treatment: Glaucoma treatment focuses on lowering intraocular pressure to prevent further damage to the optic nerve. This can be achieved through prescription eye drops, oral medications, laser treatments, or surgery. While vision lost to glaucoma cannot be restored, early treatment can help preserve remaining vision and prevent further loss.