If you love spending time outdoors, especially at the beach, you may be at risk for pterygium eye disease, commonly known as "surfer’s eye." This condition affects people who are frequently exposed to UV rays, wind, and dry environments. But what exactly is pterygium, and how can you protect your eyes this summer?
Pterygium is a non-cancerous growth of the conjunctiva (the thin, transparent layer covering the white part of the eye) that extends onto the cornea. It often develops in individuals who spend long hours outdoors in sunny, windy, or dusty environments.
Several factors contribute to the development of pterygium, including:
"Surfer’s eye" is another term for pterygium, named due to its prevalence among surfers and outdoor enthusiasts. The constant exposure to UV rays, wind, saltwater, and sand irritates the eye, leading to the formation of the growth.
Unfortunately, pterygium does not go away naturally. In mild cases, it may stop growing and remain small, but in more severe instances, it can continue to grow and even obstruct vision.
While pterygium can be bothersome, there are several preventive measures you can take:
Invest in high-quality sunglasses that provide 100% UVA and UVB protection. Wraparound sunglasses offer the best coverage, preventing UV rays from entering your eyes from the sides.
A hat with a brim of at least 3 inches can reduce sun exposure to your eyes by up to 50%.
Dry eyes increase the risk of pterygium. Using lubricating eye drops can keep your eyes moist and reduce irritation.
Frequent eye rubbing can introduce bacteria and worsen irritation. Always wash your hands before touching your eyes.
Try to avoid direct sun exposure between 10 AM and 4 PM, when UV radiation is strongest.
Dehydration can lead to dry eyes, making you more vulnerable to pterygium eye diseases. Drink plenty of water throughout the day.
If you are in dusty or windy environments, wear protective eyewear or goggles to minimize exposure.
If you already have pterygium, treatment options include:
Artificial tears and lubricating drops can help relieve irritation and redness caused by pterygium.
In some cases, steroid eye drops may be prescribed to reduce swelling and discomfort.
Soft contact lenses can shield the eye from further irritation.
For severe cases that obstruct vision or cause persistent discomfort, a doctor may recommend pterygium surgery.
An ophthalmologist (eye specialist) is the best person to diagnose and treat pterygium. If you experience blurred vision, discomfort, or excessive redness, consult an eye doctor as soon as possible.
If non-surgical treatments fail, surgery may be necessary. Here’s what you need to know:
Pterygium surgery involves removing the growth and replacing it with a conjunctival graft (healthy tissue from another part of the eye).
Healing typically takes a few weeks. Patients should avoid direct sunlight, swimming, and dusty environments during recovery.
Common side effects may include:
Pterygium can be prevented with proper eye care, UV protection, and hydration. If you suspect you have surfer’s eye, consult an eye specialist to determine the best course of action. Whether through preventive measures or treatment, taking care of your eyes is crucial for long-term vision health.
